Strand

The learner will be able to…

Benchmark

Geochemical cycles

Understand that Earth’s systems have fixed amounts of atoms and elements.

Explain the limitations of a closed system.

Acids/Bases: Neutralization

Determine the products of neutralization.

Conduct an experiment in a lab, using household chemicals, that will include tests for pH and how to neutralize acids with bases.

Acids/Bases: Properties

Understand the properties of acids and bases.

Acids/Bases: Indicators                    

Know when a substance is an acid or a base using pH and litmus paper.

Atoms: Matter

Understand that all matter is made of atoms

Explain the makeup of all matter.

Atoms: Definition

Understand that the atom is the smallest particle of matter.

Construct a timeline for the discovery of the atom from Democratis to the present model.

Atoms: Bonds/properties

Recognize the properties of atoms involved in chemical bonding.

Explain the role of valence electrons in chemical bonding.

Atoms: Bonding

Compare and contrast ionic and covalent bonds, and understand how electrons are involved in those bonds.

Arrange compounds as either ionic or covalent.

Atoms: Parts

Describe the roles and locations of subatomic particles. As well as their characteristics.

Create a model of an atom.

Atoms: Nucleus

Understand the nucleus is the center of the atom, has a positive charge, and is surrounded by negative electrons.

Atoms: Isotope

Understand an isotope is an atom with more neutrons than normal.

Atoms : Structure

Know an atom has different energy levels where electrons are found.

Calculate the number of protons, neutrons, electrons, the number of energy levels, and electrons in the outer level for an element.

Atoms: Ions

Know an ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons. Determine whether an ion will be + or -.

Calculate what type and charge an ion will have for different atoms.

Atoms: Interaction

Understand that atoms interact with only their valence electrons.

In a lab situation, conduct a variety of experiments in which reactions can be compared and contrasted.

Atoms: Stability

Understand how atoms interact in order to acquire a more stable electron configuration.

Atoms: Energy

Understand that there is a gain or loss of energy during atomic interaction.

Atoms: Bonding

Understand that atoms form molecules or crystals depending on how they bond together.

Chemical & Physical Changes

Recognize examples of chem. & phys. changes.

Create a list of changes in nature that include a few which are physical and a few that are chemical.

Chemical & physical properties

Understand that properties identify matter.

Identify if 2 substances are the same or different based on their chemical or physical properties.

Chemical & physical properties

Differentiate between chemical and physical properties.

Sort a pile of items by physical properties and then discuss how chemical properties differ.

Chemical compounds: Interactions

Know how the physical properties of compounds reflect the chemical nature of their components.

Chemical compounds: Formation

Understand that when two or more elements combine, it forms a compound.

Write several chemical formulas and identify the elements involved. Properly name chemical compounds.

Chemical compounds: Formula/ Name

Write the formula and name several compounds.

Chemical Compounds: Type

Decide if a compound is ionic or covalent by formula or what is happening with the electrons.

From a list of compounds determine which are ionic or covalent. Draw diagrams of ionic or covalent compounds.

Conduct several labs in class that involve the use of safe chemicals to illustrate the way in which compounds and reactions can be sorted.

Differentiate between the different types of chemical reactions. Determine if the reaction is endothermic or exothermic.

Chemical Reactions: Energy

Describe if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic.

Chemical reactions: Type

Understand that chemical reactions are occurring all around us. Determine the type of chemical reaction by formula and description.

Chemical reactions: Rate

Understand that the rate of reaction can be affected by temp., concentration, area and catalysts.

Chemical reactions: Factors

Know the factors that determine if a chemical reaction has taken place or not. Know what a precipitate is.

Chemical reactions: Time

Understand the range of time involved in reactions ranges from a fraction of a second to billions of years.

Chemical Reactions: Law of Conservation of Mass.

Know what happens to the mass after a chemical reaction has taken place.

Conduct an experiment demonstrating the law of conservation of mass.

Elements: Atoms

Understand that elements consist of only one type of atom.

Create a model of an atom and join it together with other in class.

Elements: Chemical conduct

Make inferences about the chemical conduct of an element.

Create a power point presentation on elements. Each student choosing a different element to share with the class.

Elements: Properties

Understand that it is the valence electrons which define the properties of that element.

Energy & Matter: Interaction

Understand the interactions of matter and energy in a system.

Explain how the Big Bang was all matter and energy in the universe, and how they are still interacting today.

Equations: Nomenclature

Identify the reactants and products in a chemical equation

Conduct an experiment and describe the reactants and the products.

Equations: Balancing

Understand that balanced equations are utilized to analyze and explain the interactions of matter, write balanced equations when provided with the names

of products and reactants.

Write several chemical equations and balance them in accordance with the law of conservation of mass.

Gases, Liquids, Solids: Distance/Angle

understand that gases, liquids, and solids do not have the

same distances and angles between molecules or atoms.

Compare the molecular motion of ice with liquid water and steam in a lab situation.

Gases, Liquids, Solids: Energy/Differ

Understand how gases, liquids, and solids differ in the

Energy that holds them together.

Gases, Liquids, Solids: Particle Movement

Describe how the particles move for the different states of matter.

States of Matter: Change of State

For each change of state determine what is happening to the state of matter, the energy of the particles, and the bonds holding particles together.

Conduct an experiment for freezing and boiling, graph the data, determine change of state temperatures, and describe the changes taking place.

Matter: Forms

Example/Environment

Comprehend/Molecules/Interact

Example/Environment/Sort

Recognize the different forms of matter, examples of matter that exist in the student's

surroundings, comprehend how matter and molecules interact and

sort examples of matter.

Sort examples of matter in the environment being able to classify them by molecular characteristics.

Matter: Chemical and Physical /Energy

Understand that energy transformations happen during

physical or chemical changes in matter.

Conduct experiments in class using safe chemicals and view their interactions. Create a data table to classify them by physical and chemical properties.

Matter: Change/Recognize

Find Properties/Know Properties and Structure Properties/Chemical/Physical

Recognize and find out the nature of changes in matter. Know the properties of matter. Understand the properties and structure of matter. Distinguish between physical and chemical properties of matter.

Mixtures: Properties/Recognize

Recognize the properties of mixtures and/or pure substances.

Compare and contrast solutions with compounds or other pure substances. In a lab differentiate between mixtures and pure substances.

Mixtures: Separation

Determine how different mixtures can be separated.

Do an experiment to separate a mixture by dissolve and filter and by chromatography.

Periodic Table: Atomic Number/Valence

Organization

Element/Properties

Electron Configuration

History

Reactivity/Protons

Chemical Characteristics

Estimate/Position

Using the periodic table, determine the atomic number and

valence of a given element to predict types of bonding.

Understand the organization of the periodic table.

Explain the physical and chemical properties of an element

by using the periodic table.

Explain how the periodic table represents the electron

configuration of elements.

summarize the history of the periodic table to comprehend

the idea of periodicity.

Connect the number of protons and electrons to chemical

charge and reactivity.

Liken the trends of chemical characteristics of periods and

groups of the periodic table.

Estimate if two elements will combine on the basis of their

placement in the periodic table.

Discuss the periodic table by researching its history including Mendeleev and Mosely.

Create several models of atoms and how their structure can be determined by location on the table.

Predict the bonding of several elements into compounds with the use of the periodic table.

Properties: Density

Calculate the densities of different solids and liquids. Understand that density is always the same for a given substance.

Conduct an experiment to determine the densities of some solids and liquids.

Properties: Density differences

Understand that substances will layer out according to their densities.

Explain where different solids and liquids will be found in a column based on their densities.

Scientific Method

Understand the steps of the scientific method.

Conduct an experiment using the scientific method.

Scientific method: Process

Understand the differences between observation, hypothesis, and theory.

Scientific method: Experiment

Understand what a controlled experiment is. Identify the control group, experimental group, and the variable.

Scientific Method: Data Gathering

Gather information from an experiment and put it into an appropriate data chart.

Conduct an experiment for a direct and inverse relationship, put data into a chart, and graph the data gathered.

Scientific Method: Graphing

Take information from a chart and make a line graph. State what is happening to each of the variables on the graph. Make a conclusion from the curve on the graph.

Independent Graphing Project

Scientific Method – Metric Measurement

Measure and record the length, volume, mass, and temperature of objects using the correct metric tool, proper accuracy, and correct metric unit.

Use the measuring tools to get an accurate measurement and record that measurement properly.

Technology and Science

Understand the difference between science and technology and how one complements the other.

Describe how science has led to new technology and how new technologies have advanced science.

* Radioactive isotopes

Understand that radioactive isotopes are unstable.

Define radioactivity and how it applies to isotopes.

* Radioactivity: Define characteristics, life, commercial, medical

Define radioactivity and explain the characteristics of radioactive isotopes. Relate how radioactive isotopes are pertinent to everyday life.

Research an element’s isotope and report back to the class. Conduct a half-life lab. Construct a decay series for an element.

 Solubility: Factors, Rules, Water

Understand the factors that affect the solubility of solutes in a solvent. Create basic rules for solubility by exploring aqueous

solutions. Judge the pertinence of water as a solvent in living things

and the environment.

In a lab situation, mix several solutions using different substances. Vary the temperature and concentrations of each. Record and analyze the data.

 Solutions: Explain, Liken, Relationships

Explain solutions by using the ideas of solute, solvent,

and relative solubility. Liken unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated

solutions. Analyze relationships between ionic and covalent

compounds, looking for similarities and differences.